In the Shadow of a Conflict by Bill Derman and Randi Kaarhus

Author:Bill Derman and Randi Kaarhus
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781779222176
Publisher: Deep South
Published: 2013-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1 The Bush war lasted from 1966 until 1989, making it one of Africa’s longest conflicts. It was fought in Northern Namibia (former South West Africa), and also in Southern Angola – so-called ‘Operational Area’ or ‘Border’.

2 Richard Wilson has analyzed how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was as much about legitimizing the South African state as it was about justice. The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Legitimizing the Post-Apartheid State, Cambridge University Press: 2001.

3 The regulation of immigration can be found in the Aliens Control Act of 1991, which was amended in 1996 to further tighten up on all immigration.

4 Interview with Lawyers for Human Rights, July 2012.

5 We have detailed in the introduction the ebbs and flows of violence.

6 The relationship between the governments of South Africa and Zimbabwe are discussed in Chapters 1 and 2.

7 http://www.radiovop.com/index.php/national-news/7707-anc-pledges-continued-support-to-zanu-pf.html, accessed on 6 August 2012.

8 The single best account of South Africa’s migration history is Selecting Immigrants: National Identity and South Africa’s Immigration Policies 1910–2008 by Sally Peberdy.

9 One could add that the failure of the state to adequately deliver public goods makes it less legitimate and more likely to blame others (Carter 2011).

10 Xenophobia is defined as ‘attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity’. Source: the Declaration on Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance against Migrants and Trafficked Persons. Asia Pacific NGO Meeting for the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. Tehran, Iran. 18 February 2001.

11 According to the Department of Home Affairs, more than 275,000 Zimbabwean nationals applied for permits under the Zimbabwe Documentation Programme, whereas there are somewhere between one and three million Zimbabweans currently in South Africa. http://www.pmg.org.za/report/20110920-department-home-affairs-zimbabwean-documentation-project.

12 For a complete assessment of the range of departments involved in border control see J. Steinberg (2005).

13 Human Sciences Research Council, 2008.

14 F. Wilson, Migrant Labour: Report to the South African Council of Churches. The South African Council of Churches, Johannesburg: 1972, p. 109.

15 This is described in van Onselen (1976) and Phimister (1988).

16 Zimbabweans working on Limpopo farms were largely Venda people living in settlements just across the border and may have been accustomed to crossing the river since pre-colonial times. What is significant is that since the late 1990s most of the Zimbabwean farm workers are Shona speakers from further afield.

17 Labour Migration to South Africa in the 1990s, Policy Paper Series No. 4 (February 1998), International Labour Office, Southern Africa Multidisciplinary Advisory Team, Harare, Zimbabwe.

18 Tim Keegan, Charles van Onselen, Alan Jeeves, Jeremy Krikler, and Jonathan Crush, among others.

19 Transvaal Province became, over time, the Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. A large part of Northwest Province and a very small part of KwaZulu-Natal Province were also included. To add complexity to the story, the northern region of the Transvaal was initially named Northern Transvaal. The following year, it was renamed Northern Province, which remained the name until 11 July 2003, when the name of the province was formally changed to Limpopo Province.

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